MATERNAL RISK FACTORS FOR MODERATE AND LATE PRETERM LABOUR: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY FROM A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN PESHAWAR
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37762/jgmds.13-1.776Keywords:
Preterm Labor,, Moderate Preterm,, Late Preterm, , Maternal Risk Factors, , Inadequate Prenatal Care,Abstract
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES
The aim of the study was to determine the maternal risk factors associated with moderate and late preterm labor.
METHODOLOGY
This case-control study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Khyber Teaching Hospital, from March 1 2024, to August 31 2024. Patients in the age range 18 to 40 years diagnosed with moderate and late preterm labor were compared with controls for maternal risk factors, including inadequate prenatal care and maternal hypertension. Data analysis was conducted in SPSS v.26, and odds ratios were calculated using a 2x2 table.
RESULTS
The mean age of the cases was 29.14±6.239 years compared to 27.91±6.754 years in controls. The mean gestational age in cases and controls was 33.88±1.372 weeks and 38.78±1.439 weeks, respectively. Sixty-four patients (55.7%) in cases were aged more than 30 years compared to 51 patients (44.3%) among controls (p value 0.112). Among cases, 112 patients (49.1%) were multiparous, versus 116 (50.9%) among controls (p value 0.901). Overall, inadequate prenatal care was recorded in 85 participants (53; 62.4%) as cases versus 32 controls (37.6%), p value 0.006, OR 2.070 (95% CI 1.226 - 3.497). Maternal hypertension was recorded in 74 patients, more frequently among cases (n = 45, 60.8%) than among controls (n = 29, 39.2%), p value 0.029; OR 1.822 (95% CI 1.058 - 3.136).
Downloads
Metrics
References
REFERENCES
McIntire DD, Leveno KJ. Neonatal mortality and morbidity rates in late preterm births compared with births at term. Obstet Gynecol. 2018;111(1):35–41. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0b013e31815e8c64. PMID: 18165390 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.AOG.0000297311.33046.73
Laughon SK, Reddy UM, Sun L, Zhang J. Precursors for late preterm birth in singleton gestations. Obstet Gynecol. 2020;116(5):1047–55. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181f73f97. PMID: 20966698 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181f73f97
Bouchet N, Gayet-Ageron A, Lumbreras Areta M, Pfister RE, Martinez de Tejada B. Avoiding late preterm deliveries to reduce neonatal complications: an 11-year cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2018;18(1):465–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-018-2082-2. PMID: 30419819 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-017-1650-8
Araújo BF, Zatti H, Madi JM, Coelho MB, Olmi FB, Canabarro CT. Analysis of neonatal morbidity and mortality in late-preterm newborn infants. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2022;88(3):259–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2021.07.007. PMID: 34450318
Leone A, Ersfeld P, Adams M, Schiffer PM, Bucher HU, Arlettaz R. Neonatal morbidity in singleton late preterm infants compared with full-term infants. Acta Paediatr. 2022;111(1):6–10. https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.16107. PMID: 34839513 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.16107
Natarajan G, Shankaran S. Short- and long-term outcomes of moderate and late preterm infants. Am J Perinatol. 2016;33(3):305–17. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1571150. PMID: 26731181 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1571150
McLaurin KK, Hall CB, Jackson EA, Owens OV, Mahadevia PJ. Persistence of morbidity and cost differences between late-preterm and term infants during the first year of life. Pediatrics. 2019;123(2):653–9. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2008-2628. PMID: 19171618 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2008-1439
Vanin LK, Zatti H, Soncini T, Nunes RD, Siqueira LBS. Maternal and fetal risk factors associated with late preterm infants. Rev Paul Pediatr. 2019;38:e2018136. https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-0462/2020/38/2018136. PMID: 32588685 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-0462/2020/38/2018136
Hanif A, Ashraf T, Pervaiz MK, Guler N. Prevalence and risk factors of preterm birth in Pakistan. J Pak Med Assoc. 2020 Apr;70(4):577–82. https://doi.org/10.5455/JPMA.295022. PMID: 32296198 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5455/JPMA.295022
Leal MC, Esteves-Pereira AP, Nakamura-Pereira M, Torres JA, Theme-Filha M, Domingues RMSM, et al. Prevalence and risk factors related to preterm birth in Brazil. Reprod Health. 2016;13(Suppl 3):127. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-016-0230-0. PMID: 27793176 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-016-0230-0
Ruth CA, Roos N, Hildes-Ripstein E, Brownell M. The influence of gestational age and socioeconomic status on neonatal outcomes in late preterm and early term gestation: a population-based study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2012;12:62. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2393-12-62. PMID: 22770395 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2393-12-62
Abdel Razeq NM, Khader YS, Batieha AM. The incidence, risk factors, and mortality of preterm neonates: a prospective study from Jordan. Turk J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;14(1):28–36. https://doi.org/10.4274/tjod.62582. PMID: 28572879 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4274/tjod.62582
Brown HK, Speechley KN, Macnab J, Natale R, Campbell MK. Biological determinants of spontaneous late preterm and early term birth: a retrospective cohort study. BJOG. 2015;122(4):491–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.12964. PMID: 25065916 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.13191
Hackenhaar AA, Albernaz EP, Fonseca TM. Preterm premature rupture of the fetal membranes: association with sociodemographic factors and maternal genitourinary infections. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2014;90(2):197–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2013.07.008. PMID: 24238704 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2013.08.003
Passini R Jr, Cecatti JG, Lajos GJ, Tedesco RP, Nomura ML, Dias TZ, et al. Brazilian multicentre study on preterm birth (EMIP): prevalence and factors associated with spontaneous preterm birth. PLoS One. 2014;9(10):e109069. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0109069. PMID: 25299195 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0109069
Machado AK, Marmitt LP, Cesar JA. Late preterm birth in the far south of Brazil: a population-based study. Rev Bras Saude Mater Infant. 2016;16(2):121–8. https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-93042016000200002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-93042016000200003
Stewart B, Karahalios A, Pszczola R, Said J. Moderate to late preterm intrauterine growth restriction: a retrospective, observational study of the indications for delivery and outcomes in an Australian perinatal centre. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2018;58(3):306–14. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajo.12759. PMID: 29341205 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ajo.12721
Guimarães RM, Silva RL, Dutra VG, Andrade PG, Pereira AC, Jomar RT, Freire RP. Factors associated with the type of childbirth in public and private hospitals in Brazil. Rev Bras Saude Mater Infant. 2017;17(3):571–80. https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-93042017000300010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-93042017000300009
Bryce E, Gurung S, Tong H, Katz J, Lee AC, Black RE, Walker N. Population attributable fractions for risk factors for spontaneous preterm births in 81 low- and middle-income countries: a systematic analysis. J Glob Health. 2022 Mar 26;12:04013. https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.12.04013. PMID: 35356651; PMCID: PMC8959104 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.12.04013
Mitrogiannis I, Evangelou E, Efthymiou A, Kanavos T, Birbas E, Makrydimas G, Papatheodorou S. Risk factors for preterm birth: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational studies. BMC Med. 2023 Dec 13;21(1):494. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-023-03171-4. PMID: 38096657 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-023-03171-4
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Fauzia Afridi, Sara Jamil, Wajeeha Javid
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
