Bacteriological Pattern of Urinary Tract Infection in Children Presenting to Pediatric Department of Mardan Medical Complex
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37762/jgmds.13-3.911Keywords:
Urinary Tract Infection, Children, Bacteriological Pattern, Antibiotic Resistance, Pediatric UTIAbstract
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to determine the bacteriological profile and antibiotic susceptibility of culture-confirmed urinary tract infections among children presenting to the Pediatric Department of Mardan Medical Complex.
METHODOLOGY
This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2025 to October 2025. A total of 109 children aged 1 month to 12 years with clinically suspected urinary tract infection were enrolled through consecutive sampling. Urine microscopy, nitrite testing, culture, bacterial identification, and Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion susceptibility testing were performed. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Frequencies, percentages, 95% confidence intervals, Chi-square/Fisher-Freeman-Halton exact test, Cramer's V, and binary logistic regression were applied.
RESULTS
The mean age was 6.72 ± 3.43 years, and 67 children (61.5%) were female. Urine culture was positive in 53 cases (48.6%; 95% CI: 39.4-57.9%). Among culture-positive isolates, Staphylococcus spp. was most frequent, 11 (20.8%; 95% CI: 12.0-33.5%), followed by Enterococcus spp., 10 (18.9%), Proteus spp., 9 (17.0%), Escherichia coli, 8 (15.1%), Klebsiella spp., 8 (15.1%), and Pseudomonas spp. 7 (13.2%). Cefixime showed the highest sensitivity (30; 56.6%). Amoxicillin and co-amoxiclav showed the highest resistance, 31 (58.5%) each. No independent predictor of culture positivity was identified on logistic regression.
CONCLUSION
Culture confirmation remains essential in suspected pediatric UTI. The predominance of Staphylococcus spp. should be interpreted cautiously due to possible contamination and lack of species-level confirmation. Organism-wise susceptibility surveillance is recommended.
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