Continuum of Maternal Care from Pregnancy to Postpartum Period: A Systematic Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37762/jgmds.13-3.897Keywords:
Continum of Care, Maternal Health, Antenatal Care, Postnatal Care, Skilled Birth Attendance, Systematic ReviewAbstract
ABSTRACT
Background: Continuum of maternal care, encompassing antenatal care, skilled birth attendance, institutional delivery, and postnatal care, is essential for improving maternal and neonatal outcomes. However, continuity across these stages remains suboptimal in many low- and middle-income countries.
Objective: To systematically review the utilization, determinants, and outcomes associated with the continuum of maternal care from pregnancy to the postpartum period.
Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched for studies published between January 2020 and December 2025. Original research studies conducted on women of reproductive age (15–49 years) and reporting at least one component of maternal care were included. A total of 617 records were identified, of which 15 studies met the inclusion criteria. Data were extracted and analyzed using a narrative synthesis approach.
Results: Antenatal care utilization ranged from 60% to 76%, while skilled birth attendance and institutional delivery showed moderate coverage. Postnatal care remained the least utilized component. Overall completion of the continuum of care ranged between 30% and 50%. Key determinants included maternal education, socioeconomic status, and residence. Accessibility barriers, health system limitations, and cultural factors contributed to discontinuity of care. Completion of the continuum was associated with improved maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Conclusion: The continuum of maternal care remains fragmented, particularly at the postnatal stage. Strengthening healthcare systems, improving accessibility, and addressing socioeconomic and cultural barriers are essential to enhance continuity of care and improve maternal and neonatal health outcomes.
Keywords: Continuum of care, maternal health, antenatal care, postnatal care, skilled birth attendance, systematic review
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