Prevalence of Refractive Errors Among the Children of Special Education Complex, Peshawar
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37762/jgmds.5-2.84Keywords:
Refractive Errors, Strabismus, Children, Snellen’s Chart, Visual AcuityAbstract
OBJECTIVES:
The objective of our study was to determine the prevalence of refractive errors among children of special education complex.
METHODOLOGY:
A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine refractive error among the children of special education complex Hayatabad, Peshawar. A total of 272 children were examined from age 5-19 years. Refractive errors were determined by doing retinoscopy, subjective and objective refraction, ophthalmoscope and, hand held auto refractors. Snellen’s charts, lea symbol chart and kay pictures were used for assessing the visual acuity in children who could cooperate.
RESULTS:
Among 272 children, 225 children were males (82.7%). 34(12.5%) were mentally retard, 182(66.9%) were hearing impaired and 56(20.6%) were physically handicapped. Children suffering from refractive errors were 47(17.3%). 11(4.0%) reported that they were using glasses. Squint was present in 5(1.8%). On examination status of right eye 5(1.8%) were with visual acuity 6/60 or less. For children who were unable to comprehend with Snellen visual acuity chart, they were be assessed by using other charts like Lea symbol chart or Kay pictures. 19(7.0%) were assessed by Lea symbol chart, 9(3.3%) by Kay pictures and maximum number of children easily understand Snellen visual acuity chart that was 244(89.7%).
CONCLUSION:
This study concluded that refractive errors were common in special children.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Public Health Research [Internet]. [cited 2017 Jul 10]. Available from: https://www.brienholdenvision.org/public-health/public-health-research.html
Pearce MG, Pearce N. Addressing refractive error visual impairment: volunteer organisations’ alignment with Vision 2020 and public health principles. Clin Exp Optom. 2012;95(6):583–9. doi: 10.1111/j.1444-0938.2012.00710.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1444-0938.2012.00710.x
World Health Organization. Visual impairment and blindness [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2016 [cited 2019 Feb 25]
Vision problems of school-age children [Internet]. [cited 2017 Jul 12]. Available from: http://www.allaboutvision.com/parents/schoolage.htm
Woodhouse JM, Davies N, McAvinchey A, Ryan B. Ocular and visual status among children in special schools in Wales: the burden of unrecognised visual impairment. Arch Dis Child. 2014;99(6):500–4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2013-304866
NCSE. Children with special educational needs: information booklet for parents. Trim County Meath: National Council for Special Education; 2014
Puri S, Bhattarai D, Adhikari P, Shrestha JB, Paudel N. Burden of ocular and visual disorders among pupils in special schools in Nepal. Arch Dis Child. 2015;100(9):834–7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2014-308131
Joshi RS, Somani AAK. Ocular disorder in children with mental retardation. Indian J Psychiatry. 2013;55(2):170–2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.111457
Isawumi M, Akinsola F. Ocular health status and causes of enrolment into special schools in Osun State, Nigeria. Zahedan J Res Med Sci. 2016;18(12):e4960. doi: 10.17795/zjrms-4960 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17795/zjrms-4960
Tsao WS, Hsieh HP, Chuang YT, Sheu MM. Ophthalmologic abnormalities among students with cognitive impairment in eastern Taiwan: the special group with undetected visual impairment. J Formos Med Assoc. 2017;116(5):345–50. doi: 10.1016/j.jfma.2016.06.013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfma.2016.06.013
Gogate P, Soneji FR, Kharat J, Dulera H, Deshpande M, Gilbert C. Ocular disorders in children with learning disabilities in special education schools of Pune, India. Indian J Ophthalmol 2008;59(3):223–8. Available from: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3120244&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0301-4738.81036
Ostadimoghaddam H, Mirhajian H, Yekta A, Sobhani Rad D, Heravian J, Malekifar A, et al. Eye problems in children with hearing impairment. J Curr Ophthalmol. 2016;27(1–2):56–9. doi: 10.1016/j.joco.2015.10.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joco.2015.10.001
Dhungana AP. Ocular morbidity in hearing impaired school children in Eastern Nepal. J Kathmandu Med Coll. 2014;3(1):4–7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3126/jkmc.v3i1.10916
Ahmed A, Abah E, Oladigbolu K. Hearing and audiometric estimates in a blind population in North-Western, Nigeria. Sub-Saharan African J Med. 2016;3(1):8. Available from: http://www.ssajm.org/text.asp?2016/3/1/8/176294 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/2384-5147.176294
Chukwuka I, Adio A, Chinawa N. Screening for ophthalmic disorders among deaf school children in Nigeria: a neglected population. Ophthalmol Res An Int J. 2016;5(4):1–6. Available from: http://sciencedomain.org/abstract/14388 DOI: https://doi.org/10.9734/OR/2016/24160
Salem RA, Basaleh SS, Mohammed SF. Ocular abnormalities among deaf students in Aden City, Yemen. Iraqi J Med Sci. 2014;12(3):144–7
Ovenseri-Ogbomo G, Abraham C, Kio F. Visual impairment and ocular findings among deaf and hearing impaired school children in Central Region , Ghana. J Med Biomed Sci. 2013;2(2):16–22
Ali A, Ahmad I, Ayub S. Prevalence of undetected refractive errors among school children. Biomedica. 2007;23:96–101
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2019 Bismah Saleem, Naeem Ullah, Hamid Hussain, Ayaz Ayub, Muhammad Hamayun Khan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
