Occult Hepatitis B in Patients with Decompensated Chronic Liver Disease: A Cross Sectional Study at Tertiary Care Hospital, Peshawar
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37762/jgmds.10-3.459Keywords:
Cirrhosis, Decompensated Chronic Liver Disease, Occult Hepatitis B InfectionAbstract
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this study was to find the frequency of occult hepatitis B in patients presenting with Decompensated chronic liver disease.
METHODOLOGY
This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital at Peshawar-KP from 31st December 2021 to 31st May 2022.143 patients were enrolled. Informed consent was taken from all patients who were enrolled in this study. We included patients aged 18-60 years of either gender. All patients admitted to medical units or visiting Medical OPDs having decompensated Chronic liver disease were enrolled. A consecutive sampling technique was used to enroll patients for our study. Baseline characteristics, demographics and laboratory data were collected on predesigned proforma. All patients were screened for Hepatitis B infection by performing HBsAg with ELISA, and patients with negative surface antigens were eligible for the study.
RESULTS
Our study population age range was from 18 to 60 years, with a mean age of 43.30±8.00 years. There were 100 male (69.9%) patients and 43 female (30.1%) patients. Occult Hepatitis B was observed in 40(28%) patients with decompensated chronic liver disease. Among these patients, 26 were male, and 14 were female. Stratification for Occult Hepatitis B was done concerning age & gender to see any significant difference in distribution. There was no significant difference in the distribution of Occult Hepatitis B among different age groups and gender.
CONCLUSION
This study has shown that a significant proportion of decompensated chronic liver disease patients had evidence of occult hepatitis B infection.
Methodology: This was a descriptive, cross sectional study that was conducted at a tertiary care hospital at Peshawar-KP from 31st December 2021 till 31st May 2022.. 143 patients were enrolled in this study. An informed consent was taken from all patients who were enrolled in this study. We included patients having age 18-60 years of either gender. All patients admitted in medical units or visiting Medical OPDs having decompensated Chronic liver disease were enrolled. Consecutive sampling technique was used to enroll patients for our study. Baseline characteristics, demographics and laboratory data was collected on predesigned proforma. All patients were screened for Hepatitis B infection by performing HBsAg with ELISA and patients with negative surface antigen were eligible for the study.
Results: Our study population age range was from 18 to 60 years with mean age of 43.30±8.00 years There were 100 male (69.9%) patients and 43 female (30.1%) patients. Occult Hepatitis B was observed in 40(28%) of patients with decompensated chronic liver disease. Among these patients, 26 were male and 14 were female. Stratification for Occult Hepatitis B was done with respect to age & gender to see any significant difference in distribution. There was no significant difference in distribution of Occult Hepatitis B among different age groups and gender.
Conclusion: This study has shown that significant proportion of decompensated chronic liver disease patients had evidence of occult hepatitis B infection.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Covolo L, Pollicino T, Raimondo G, Donato F. Occult hepatitis B virus and the risk for chronic liver disease: a meta-analysis. Digestive and Liver Disease. 2013;45(3):238-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dld.2012.09.021
Jepkemei KB, Ochwoto M, Swidinsky K, Day J, Gebrebrhan H, McKinnon LR, et al. Characterization of occult hepatitis B in high-risk populations in Kenya. PloS one. 2020;15(5):e0233727 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233727
Im YR, Jagdish R, Leith D, Kim JU, Yoshida K, Majid A, et al. Prevalence of occult hepatitis B virus infection in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 2022 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-8278(22)00947-3
Yip TC-F, Wong GL-H, editors. Current knowledge of occult hepatitis B infection and clinical implications. Seminars in Liver Disease; 2019: Thieme Medical Publishers. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1678728
Apica BS, Seremba E, Rule J, Yuan HJ, Lee WM. High prevalence of occult hepatitis B infection in an African urban population. Journal of medical virology. 2016;88(4):674-80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.24372
Aslam A, Aslam M, Ain Q. Frequency of occult hepatitis B in hemodialysis patients. J Sharif Med Dent Coll. 2017;3(02):45-8
Mak L-Y, Wong DK-H, Pollicino T, Raimondo G, Hollinger FB, Yuen M-F. Occult hepatitis B infection and hepatocellular carcinoma: Epidemiology, virology, hepatocarcinogenesis and clinical significance. Journal of Hepatology. 2020;73(4):952-64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2020.05.042
Chemin I, Jeantet D, Kay A, Trepo C. Role of silent hepatitis B virus in chronic hepatitis B surface antigen (−) liver disease. Antiviral Research. 2001;52(2):117-23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-3542(01)00176-0
Lee JJ, Kwon OS. Occult hepatitis B virus infection and hepatocellular carcinoma. The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology. 2013;62(3):160-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4166/kjg.2013.62.3.160
Shi Y, Wu YH, Wu W, Zhang WJ, Yang J, Chen Z. Association between occult hepatitis B infection and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta‐analysis. Liver International. 2012;32(2):231-40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-3231.2011.02481.x
Iqbal S, Waqar F, Javed A, Sajid N, Iqbal T. CHRONIC HEPATITIS C: FREQUENCY OF OCCULT HEPATITIS B VIRUS (DNA) IN CASES IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF KARACHI. The Professional Medical Journal. 2018;25(03):409-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29309/TPMJ/18.4323
Chemin I, Zoulim F, Merle P, Arkhis A, Chevallier M, Kay A, et al. High incidence of hepatitis B infections among chronic hepatitis cases of unknown aetiology. Journal of hepatology. 2001;34(3):447-54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-8278(00)00100-8
Hashemi SJ, Hajiani E, Masjedizadeh A, Makvandi M, Shayesteh AA, Alavinejad SP, et al. Occult hepatitis B infection in patients with cryptogenic liver cirrhosis in southwest of iran. Jundishapur journal of microbiology. 2015;8(3). DOI: https://doi.org/10.5812/jjm.16873
Mattos ÂZ, Mattos AA, Debes JD. Hepatocellular carcinoma: Unraveling the role of occult hepatitis B virus infection. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2021;19(2):407-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2020.03.028
Gissa SB, Minaye ME, Yeshitela B, Gemechu G, Tesfaye A, Alemayehu DH, et al. Occult hepatitis B virus infection among patients with chronic liver disease of unidentified cause, Addis Ababa Ethiopia. Scientific Reports. 2022;12(1):1-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-17336-3
Maheswari K, Arun R, Arumugam P. The prevalence of the hepatitis B core antibody and the occult hepatitis B infection among voluntary blood donors in chennai, India. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research: JCDR. 2012;6(10):1710.
Saravanan S, Madhavan V, Murugavel KG, Balakrishnan P, Solomon SS, Subashini D, et al. Occult hepatitis B virus infection in a cohort of liver disease patients with chronic hepatitis C: A significant association of HCV genotype 1b in South India. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research. 2013;2(7):692-5.
Thabit A, Al-Moyed K, Al-Balushi M, Hasson S, Sallam T. Occult hepatitis B virus among chronic liver disease patients in Yemen. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease. 2012;2(1):4-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2222-1808(12)60002-4
Elbahrawy A, Alaboudy A, El Moghazy W, Elwassief A, Alashker A, Abdallah AM. Occult hepatitis B virus infection in Egypt. World journal of hepatology. 2015;7(12):1671. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v7.i12.1671
Emara MH. Occult hepatitis B: the Egyptian situation. Trop Gastroenterol. 2012;33(4):242-50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7869/tg.2012.65
Gutiérrez-García ML, Fernandez-Rodriguez CM, Lledo-Navarro JL, Buhigas-Garcia I. Prevalence of occult hepatitis B virus infection. World Journal of Gastroenterology: WJG. 2011;17(12):1538. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v17.i12.1538
Anwar W, Sarwar M, Hussain A, Tariq W, Saif M. Significance of occult HBV infection in patients with chronic hepatitis C. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2006;16(3):192-5.
Honarkar Z, Alavian S, Samiei S, Saeedfar K, Baladast M, Aghazadeh R, et al. Occult Hepatitis B as a cause of cryptogenic cirrhosis. Hepatitis Monthly. 2004;4(8):155-60.
Ndow G, Cessay A, Cohen D, Shimakawa Y, Gore ML, Tamba S, et al. Prevalence and clinical significance of occult hepatitis B infection in The Gambia, West Africa. The Journal of infectious diseases. 2022;226(5):862-70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiab327
KHAN MH, MUHAMMAD N, JAWAID HA, Shah S, ALI MO, KHAN SS. Frequency of Anti-Hepatitis B Core Positivity in Patients with Persistently Raised Alanine Aminotransferase. Pak J Med Health Sci. 2021;15(8):1949-53.
Nishikawa H, Osaki Y. Clinical significance of occult hepatitis B infection in progression of liver disease and carcinogenesis. Journal of Cancer. 2013;4(6):473. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7150/jca.6609
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Fahad Naim, Muhammad Darwesh Iqbal, Syeda Hijab Amjad, Awais Naeem, Muhammad Amjad Taqweem5 Taqweem, Tayyaba, Wasim Ahmad
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
